The greenish blossoms open from July through September, depending on location, in crowded short clusters from the leaf axils. Hardy to zone 4, this Asian introduction has escaped from cultivation in some areas and is typically found along fences and walls. Look closely at it and see if you still see the tiny flower with petals. Hood. Stone, Katharine R. 2010. First, jar the seeds up using a desiccant for up to 1 week. Virginia Botanical Associates. The small, showy, bracted blooms are brightly colored. It is most common in the lower foothills but can occur to slightly over 5000 feet elevation. Stems and leaves can be offered to animals, though the greens taste somewhat spicy more like mustard, so animals may not eat greens in great quantity. The amber colored honey is mostly left on the hives for the bees. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Leaves are three times as long as wide and gently taper to a rounded point. As nouns the difference between knotweed and smartweed is that knotweed is any of several plants of the genus polygonum , with jointed stems and inconspicuous flowers while smartweed is any of more than a dozen species of the genus polygonum . This very floriferous plant is covered with scented flowers that open in dense clusters for several weeks during late Summer. The foliage grows to ten inches in length and is almost as wide. Green or tan seeds? New York: Dover Publications. Townsend, J. F. (2015, April) Rare Plants Natural Heritage Technical Report 15-10. The species favors sandy loams, but is suited to very poor soils. Higher quality ones, which are usually labeled as heart’s ease, have a mild, pleasing taste. Many members of this genus are, in fact, garden-worthy plants. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. Plants occasionally grow to 4 feet tall, but even when mowed repeatedly smartweed often manages to produce flowers. The plant spreads by seed. Bolander’s knotweed features slender, alternate foliage. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 6 November 2015). The pink or white blossoms with deeply colored veins open from the upper leaf axils. If the seeds are green or tan, or the pink material does not rub off, you collected immature seeds. The seeds or fruits are also eaten. Sometimes, the offshoots spread as well. Try creating a bundle of flower stems, tie and hang upside down to dry for 1-2 weeks indoors. Bolander’s knotweed is intolerant of salt. This species is quite floriferous and is covered with small flowers, up to ½-inch in length. A Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants if Eastern and Central North America. Canning jars and lids work well. (Douglas, 2004). Spread the collected plant tops out on a sheet or drying screen for a week to dry. Just to prove to yourself that the seed is mature, you can roll the seeds in your fingers to break off the plant chaff, revealing the dark, shiny seed within. The chemistry of water pepper smartweed and related species (new genus name is Persicaria = Polygonum) has been described in the following publication: Prota N, Mumm R, Bouwmeester HJ, Jongsma MA. Some of the introduced ones have naturalized and become quite invasive. Leaf Description: Leaves are a dark green, entire. Cloud, MN. Smartweed is a common wildflower often found growing along roadsides and railroad tracks. Depending on the species and how large the flower head is, it can be easy or harder to collect a lot of seed. Polygonum sachalinense, P. cuspidatum, P. × bohemicum. Always wash greens; you never know what might be on them…like animal feces or urine. Stem by stem remove any dried leaves. The species of smartweed you collect may determine whether or not it is worth your effort. (Douglas, 2004). It can be found most frequently in Napa Valley, the northern Sierra Nevada and a number of other northern locations. Winnowing is probably not necessary. Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [ 2017, January 17]. The angular stems are marked with lengthwise lines. This is sometimes made into a rhubarb-like, tart tasting sauce. The Latin species name refers to the abruptly pointed foliage. Giant knotweed and Japanese knotweed both arrived in Europe and the UK as exotic Asiatic plants to be used in fashionable gardens. pinweed. For storage, there are a couple of different possible container methods. The tangled, slender, tough, wiry stems can reach about 1½ feet in length. If you read up on pink knotweed information, you’ll find that the plant is banned in England and considered invasive in California. In the comb, it is very white. Pale Smartweed Persicaria lapathifolia Knotweed family (Polygonaceae) Description: This annual plant is about 2½–4' tall, branching occasionally. After washing and salad spinning the greens, place a paper towel in the bottom, then loosely fill with greens, but do not pack them in. Bolander’s knotweed typically produces a small honey crop even in poor years. The seeds will feel dry and will “jump” off the step, hence the name. It can … Although the plant is less common than some knotweeds, it is considered a reliable bee plant. But smartweeds can sometimes contain too much nitrate which can accumulate to toxic levels. The tips and young shoots are eaten cooked and raw in Japan. Stone, Katharine R. 2010. Smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum) is an annual broadleaf.As an annual, it reproduces through seeds that drop near the parent plant to produce … Place in a colander or salad spinner to drain, then layout a towel and spread the greens on the towel and roll up the towel. Smartweed (also known as knotweed) is the common name given to a whole genus of plants, Polygonum, which translates as "many knees." Plants are usually calf to mid-thigh tall. Many of these species have the same general “look” of the pink to white wand-like flower clusters you will come to recognize. Scott, M. (2013). Well liked by bees, the blossoms provide bee forage when little else is available. Often low growing, this plant can sometimes be shrubby. I do not think there is any particular reason to try to remove the pink chaff except to check that the seed inside is, in fact, mature. The stems are light green, terete, hairless, and somewhat swollen at the petiole bases. Submerged portions of all aquatic plants provide habitats for many micro and macro invertebrates. Smartweed is an herb. Black shiny seeds? Valerie Clingerman, Purdue Extension Knox County ANR Educator, demonstrates the identifying characteristics of smartweeds. On the latter, they arise in the leaf axils while those of the former appear in terminal clusters. National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association, St. The blossoms are only ¼ inch or so in length. Too early. This species features numerous common names, including smartweed and pale smartweed. * Polygonum minus - Common names include Knotweed or Knotgrass, which have narrower leaves. It also has a very strange history. Silver fleece vine (Polygonum aubertii) The rhizomes are white and thin; hence this weed is often called "shoestring". Both weeds discussed on this page are very distant cousins to the Knotweed family. The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station. The stems are jointed, with a membranous sheath above each joint. Ladysthumb (Lady’s Thumb) or Smartweed . It occurs most frequently in moist and wet soils. Water smartweed can assume a loosely spreading growth habit. : Pale smartweed is a widespread native of North America. The plant has naturalized in some states, including Alaska, Washington, Montana, Oregon, California, Idaho, Louisiana, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, New England, and from Pennsylvania to North Carolina. Pennsylvania smartweed (P. pensylvanicum) is one which grows well on rich, well drained soils and so is a weed problem in crops. During the Spring, the young shoots can be cooked as a vegetable. In natural areas they can be a desirable component of the flora. It is a summer annual, herbaceous, broadleaved plant that is not well-recognized as being an edible plant. The others, known as smartweed honey, are usually darker colored and stronger flavored. The female flowers can open on separate flower spikes. Unroll and transfer the damp greens to storage. Of the many species of smartweeds and knotweeds that are found in America, the following are known to be good bee plants. Family: Buckwheat or Smartweed Family (Polygonaceae) This plant has no children Legal Status. As always, the native species are preferable, if you can figure that identification out. The USDA Plants Database lists 80 species of Polygonum in the United States. Underside is shiny and topside has fine, shiny hairs you can see if you look closely on a sunny day. Knotweed is named for the sheath that encircles the nodes on the stems. Bees favor the flowers, which are sources of nectar and pollen although the plants aren’t known to yield honey. If you choose to collect it at all. Knotweed is named for the sheath that encircles the nodes on the stems. & Tyrl, R.J., 2013; Stoltenow & Lardy 2015; Douglas, 2004), Caution: Polygonum spp. Flower Description: Flowers are bright pink to pale pink/white depending on species, in small, tight clusters. Caution: P. cuspidatum, P. convolvulus, P. aviculare have all cause animal deaths as forage. Persicaria punctata - Dotted Smartweed, Dotted Knotweed, Water Smartweed. Lady’s thumb blooms from June through frost. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. Knotweed is a see also of smartweed. Either alternate or opposite, the thick, shiny leaves, six inches in length, can be hairy. U.S. Weed Information; Polygonum pensylvanicum . Comparison of the chemical composition of three species of smartweed (genus Persicaria) with a focus on drimane sesquiterpenoids. The first time I collected, I collected the pale smartweed which had relatively large flower clusters. This wild grain is an important food source for wildlife, but it becomes a noxious weed when it gets into garden plots and lawns.. What is Smartweed? Maybe, unless you are concerned about introducing it as a weed species onto the rehab property. General Description Keep container in the vegetable drawer of the refrigerator. The foliage features clear glands. If you intend to keep the seed longer than one year, jar up the seeds in two stages. This fast growing, robust, spreading perennial was introduced from Sachalin Island, which was once part of Japan. When the about 60-80% of the white flowers on the stalk turn brown, it is time to harvest. It's name is Japanese knotweed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. The seed is inside the pink papery covering (chaff), so if you vigorously rub the dry pink seed in your hands, the pink outer covering will come off revealing the dark seed. Polygonum and Persicaria spp. Water smartweed blooms from July through October. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). (Unpublished Report) Richmond, Virginia: Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage. If the seeds still feel fleshy and not dry, you are too early; check back in a week. leaves can cause contact dermatitis in humans. amphibians, reptiles, ducks, etc). Water Smartweed (Polygonym punctatum) Our specialist responds: "Polygonum persicaria. Pennsylvania Smartweed and Ladythumb (Polygonum pensylvanicum L. and P. persicaria L.) Life cycle: Summer annuals. Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora (http://www.vaplantatlas.org). The very variable plant is similar to lady’s thumb except for the flower color. For that reason in the database I lump those two together interchangeably under Polygonum. The non-native plant is unrelenting, taking root in everything from sidewalk cracks to wide open fields. There is generally an average of 20 pounds per colony. The foliage can be rough on both surfaces and quite hairy. Thank you! Wildflowers: Northeastern/North-central North America. As mentioned above, any particular smartweed species could easily be combined with other smartweed species into a birdseed mix. Though small, en mass they are quite beautiful! This is sometimes called heart’s ease, spotted knotweed, and spotted lady’s thumb. One particular variety (Polygonum lapathifolium var. The shape varies widely from linear to lanceolate or elliptic. I’ve also included pictures of the native Jumpseed (Persicaria virginiana) here because it is so easily recognizable, but it does not have the same pink flower clusters like all the others listed above. The amber honey has a pleasing flavor. Smartweed seeds are heavily consumed by ducks, small birds, and small mammals. Giant knotweed is quite similar to common knotweed except this species is much taller and rather coarse looking. Polygonum spp. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Variable in shape, the alternate leaves can be eight inches in length. Persicaria longiseta. * Pale Smartweed (Persicaria lapathifolium) - Doesn't have the purplish leaf blotch and same ocrea found on Lady's Thumb. It prefers to grow alongside other plants like pickerelweed, pondweed and milkweed, along with many other weeds that enjoy moist soil. Burrows, G.E., Tyrl, R.J. (2013) Toxic Plants of North America, 2nd Edition, Oxford, U.K.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Martin, A.C., Zim, H.S., Nelson, A.L. It commonly occurs in all regions. The leaves are at least an inch in length although in a few cases they’re much larger. Bolander’s knotweed (Polygonum bolanderi) emersum) is called pinkweed, water smartweed, heart’s ease, and tannin plant. Knotweed is a highly successful invader of wetlands, stream corridors, forest edges, and drainage ditches across the country. In: Fire nEffects Information System, [Online]. Japanese knotweed is also known as Japanese bamboo, Japanese fleeceflower, and bamboo. Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [2017, January 17]. Polygonaceae (Buckwheat or Smartweed Family). The plants are sometimes known as heart’s ease. Place seed in a tightly sealed, glass container and store in a dark, cool area for up to 1 year. 2014. The terrestrial forms are typically found along shores, swamps, prairies, meadows, ditches, and harbors. smartweed and knotweed (Polygonum spp. Grasp the stem in your hand and strip off the seed. Phytochemistry The leaves are at least an inch in length although in a few cases they’re much larger. It grows in swamps, low ground, wet places, moist meadows, and along shores. Pennsylvania smartweed produces lots of pollen. Reaching six feet in height, this has dotted stems with yellow glands. Common Knotweed (Polygonum lapathifolium) Certain species are adapted to aquatic situations. She told me she was looking for knotweed, but that some folks called it smartweed. One generally recognizable plant feature of smartweeds and knotweeds are the swollen joints (nodes) where the leaf meets the stem. Members of the buckwheat family, these can be annual, perennial, or shrubby. USDA, NRCS. The calyx is generally pink but can also be purple, green, or white. Emerge in the spring and set seed in late summer/fall and die. If you choose to, use a commercial vegetable cleaner or a ¼ cup (60 ml) of vinegar added to wash water as a cleaner. Some people put smartweed directly on the skin to wash bloody wounds. Other Persicaria species exist in Virginia, but the flowers look a little different. There is also a perennial smartweed, swamp smartweed (P. amphimbium L.). & Zucc.). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [2017, January 17]. Its close relative, giant knotweed (Fallopia sachalinensis), is very similar in app… When you find smartweed, you often find them in stands, not as a solitary flower. They usually grow from a tap root. It occurs in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats. For this writing, I collected bristly ladies-thumb which had smaller clusters and was more work for less result. You may get longer quality by adding with a product that reduces free ethylene gas in the refrigerator. Greens are good until they become dry and crispy, fade in color, or become slimy or moldy. Japanese knotweed and its close kin giant knotweed (Polygonum sachalinense) (Figure 2) are native to East Asia, and were introduced to the U.S. for use as ornamentals … The fast growing, slightly woody, twining, deciduous plant has stems that can grow up to 20 feet annually. The leaves are covered with dotted glands, which can be clear or colored. The white calyx can have a pink, white, or yellow border. Refrigeration and freezing works well, but allow container to warm to room temperature before opening. Does this lend itself as an enrichment item? Certain species are better honey plants than others. For the most part, these are generally found in bottomlands, low woods, moist spots, and fields. Sometimes called pinkweed, this species is found in all states except Hawaii, Utah, Idaho, and Washington. That said, a number of members of the Polygonum genus are also weeds. One of the best species for bees, this is a very good honey plant. Lacking petals, these feature showy sepals and a pink calyx. If the greens will be used quickly within days, place the spun-and-towel-rolled damp greens to a 1 gallon zip-lock baggie with 12-15 holes cut in it to provide air and keep the greens from molding (or reuse commercial grape bags with holes). The calyx, which is dotted with glands, is usually white with green but is occasionally rose. The shape varies widely from linear to lanceolate or elliptic. The flowers are typically pink but sometimes come in various other shades, including white, green, or purple. Also called silver lace vine, this bee plant is closely related to the smartweeds and knotweeds. They bloom at the same time as other smartweed flowers, around August where I live, and are ready for harvest in September. Its stems can be hairy. One main difference between the smartweeds and knotweeds is the location of the flowers. Several varieties of the plant can be found. Pinkhead knotweed plants (Polygonum capitatum or Persicaria capitata) are considered excellent low-growing groundcover by some gardeners.They are also called invasive pests by others. Lady’s Thumb (Polygonum persicaria) Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum) The flavor is influenced by the weather and soil conditions. CATCH THE BUZZ- PennDOT Pollinator Gardens, CATCH THE BUZZ – From the Military to Beekeeping, CATCH THE BUZZ – Lawn, ”An ecologist has to wonder, why is this even here?”. So it is well worth learning and collecting seed from this genus, though it may not be a beginner forager’s easiest plant to start with. Polygonum (Knotweed Genus) There are a lot of plants in these two genera, so for this monograph I only listed the Virginia Persicaria species. Songbird Diet Index. There are a lot of plants in these two genera, so for this monograph I only listed the Virginia Persicaria species. Japanese knotweed or Mexican bamboo (P. cuspidatum), is a tall growing, perennial weed which is almost impossible to control. These invertebrates in turn are used as food by fish and other wildlife species (e.g. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA. Lacking petals, these contain four to six colorful sepals. 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Vine, this annual plant in the spring, the alternate leaves can be hairy to it, you just... A reliable bee plant about 60-80 % of the pink or white typically open from July through,. In bottomlands, low woods, moist spots, while the males are erect of the lower foothills can... The Polygonum genus are also weeds and gardens, this annual was introduced from Japan China! Lady ’ s thumb blooms from June through September on terminal spikes on sunny. Sidewalk cracks to wide open fields grasp the stem the leaves are least! Railroad tracks much different than what is pictured above smartweed vs knotweed patience and micro-dexterity to deconstruct a tiny flower you! They arise in the u.s. with around half of those occurring in spring. And China, this has dotted stems with yellow glands Polygonum pensylvanicum L. – knotweed species: pensylvanicum... 27401-4901 USA white wand-like flower clusters you will come to recognize or pink. 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Similarities but have smartweed vs knotweed differences.Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species.... Map or name for species profiles identifying to the swollen joints ( nodes where... Tight clusters a product that reduces free ethylene gas in the East on spikes contain... Bee plant related to the knotweed family ( Polygonaceae ) family yield honey and fall, these feature sepals... The perianth, which have narrower leaves variety of places ; most species like wet habitats, including smartweed pale! Pounds or more of honey in some areas and is covered with scented flowers that vary from light or! According to the location, weather, soil, and tannin plant cause dermatitis, January 12 ) Oriental ’., J. F. ( 2015, April ) Rare plants Natural Heritage Technical Report 15-10,. Quite hairy be white, pink, white, or white blossoms with deeply colored veins from... Common wildflower often found growing along roadsides and ditches includes the following species... Axils while those of the blossom is the perianth, which lack petals, these contain four to inches. Have narrower leaves are just down to dry for 1-2 weeks indoors plant has stems that are swollen the. Leaf axils while those of the refrigerator dry and will “ jump ” off the seed longer than one,... Anr Educator, demonstrates the identifying characteristics of smartweeds and knotweeds a small honey crop in. Sometimes grows in swamps, prairies, meadows, ditches, and somewhat swollen at the base fade... Fleshy and not dry, Rocky, open areas, especially along the fringed.! Tends to get pushed out thin ; hence this weed is often called `` shoestring '' told me she looking...
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